Artificial Intelligence Essays

Artificial Intelligence Essays Artificial Intelligence Essay Artificial Intelligence Essay What is Artificial Intelligence 1) o ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) tools that exhibit human intelligence and behaviour including self-learning robots, expert systems, and voice recognition, natural and automated translation. * 1 o Computer programs developed to mimic human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, problem-solving, and making decisions. Artificial intelligence programs enable computers to perform tasks such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, etc. * 2 o The use of programs to enable machines to perform tasks which humans perform using their intelligence. Early AI avoided human psychological models, but this orientation has been altered by the development of connectionism, which is based on theories of how the brain works. In connectionism, complex functions, including learning, involve the transmission of information along pathways formed among large arrays of simple elements. * 3 My own definition 2) An Artificial Intelligence is an computer program that performs a task that Human intelligence is capable of doing. Non Artificial Intelligence 3) Car manufacturing robots: these are kind of non artificial intelligence the for this is that they do not think or recognize things for example if there is not any door to be fixed the robots will do the action even if they are not carrying anything. Medical: Non Artificial systems are also used in medical field. Where they use it to help the patients and find diseases also use them for treatment. As I said before these machines dont have brains of their own, there has to be someone controlling these machines. MIS ; DSS System 4) MIS Management Information System are information that is computer based, which is used within the organization. An information system is comprised of all workings such as operate and disoperate data or information. It generally includes hardware and software people, communications system such as telephone lines and data are include things such as inputting data, processing data into information or storage of data, the output of this is called the management reports.**1 DSS Decision Support Systems is an interactive computer-based system which helps to make decision that use communications technologies, data, documents, knowledge to discover and solve problems, Decision Support System is a common name for any computer application that helps a persons ability to improve make decisions.**

Lycurgus - Spartan Lawgiver

Lycurgus - Spartan Lawgiver Dateline: 06/22/99 Back to Sparta: A Military State Although the evolution of Greek law codes is complicated and cant really be reduced to the work of a single individual, there is one man who stands out as responsible for Athenian law and one for Spartan law. Athens had its Solon, and Sparta had its Lycurgus the lawgiver. Like the origins of Lycurgus legal reforms, the man himself is wrapped in legend. Herodotus 1.65.4 says the Spartans thought the laws of Lycurgus came from Crete. Xenophon takes a contrary position, arguing Lycurgus made them up; while Plato says the Delphic Oracle provided the laws. Regardless of the origin of the laws of Lycurgus, the Delphic Oracle played an important, if legendary, role in their acceptance. Lycurgus claimed that the Oracle had insisted the laws not be written down. He tricked the Spartans into keeping the laws for an ostensibly short period while Lycurus went on a journey. Because of the authority invoked, the Spartans agreed. But then, instead of returning, Lycurgus disappears forever from hi story, thereby eternally obliging the Spartans to honor their agreement not to change the laws. See Sanderson Becks Ethics of Greek Culture for more on this. Some think the laws of Sparta were essentially unchanged until the third century B.C., with the exception of a rider to the rhetra quoted by Plutarch. See Legislation in Sparta, by W. G. Forrest. Phoenix. Vol. 21, No. 1 (Spring, 1967), pp. 11-19. Source: (amherst.edu/~eakcetin/sparta.html) Lycurgus Reforms and the Spartan SocietyBefore Lycurgus there had been dual kingship, division of the society into Spartiates, Helots, and perioeci, and the ephorate. After his travels to Crete and elsewhere, Lycurgus brought to Sparta three innovations: Elders (gerusia), Redistribution of land, and Common messes (meals). Lycurgus forbade gold and silver coinage, replacing it with iron coinage of low value, making trade with other Greek poleis difficult; for instance, there were supposedly loaf shaped and sized iron coins. It is also possible that the iron coins were valued, as iron had been in the Iron Age of Homer. See The Iron Money of Sparta, by H. Michell Phoenix, Vol. 1, Supplement to Volume One. (Spring, 1947), pp. 42-44. Men were to live in barracks and women were to undergo physical training. In all he did Lycurgus was trying to suppress greed and luxury.[www.perseus.tufts.edu/cl135/Students/Debra_Taylor/delphproj2.html] Delphi and the LawWe dont know whether Lycurgus asked the oracle simply to confirm the law code he already had or asked the oracle to provide the code. Xenophon opts for the former, while Plato believes the latter. Theres a possibility that the code came from Crete.Source: (web.reed.edu/academic/departments/classics/Spartans.html) Early SpartaThucydides suggested that it was not the kings who declared war, and the fact that seven helots attended each Spartan indicates the helots lot may not have been so bad. The Great RhetraPassage from Plutarchs Life of Lycurgus on his obtaining an oracle from Delphi about the establishment of his form of government: When thou has built a temple to Zeus Syllanius and Athena Syllania, divided the people into phylai, and divided them into obai, and established a Gerousia of thirty including the Archagetai, then from time to time appellazein between Babyka and Knakion, and there introduce and repeal measures; but the Demos must have the decision and the power. Xenophon on the SpartansNine passages from Herodotus about the famous Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus. Passages include notice that female slaves were to work on clothes while free women, since production of children was the noblest occupation, were to exercise as much as the men. If a husband were old, he should supply his wife with a younger man to beget children. Lycurgus made it honorable to satisfy natural cravings by stealing; he forbade free citizens from engaging in business; failing to do ones duty would result in loss of status of the homoioi, (equally privileged citizens). Occupation Index - Leader Plutarch - Life of Lycurgus

Objectives against Marxism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Objectives against Marxism - Essay Example Marxism is an economic worldview that is based on the assumption that a few people control all the means of production and that they reap all the benefits at the expense of those who work for them. According to Marxists, the workers, or the proletariat, will at one time in the future come to overthrow the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production. The majority of those who claim to believe in this philosophy have yet to prove that it can actually work. The Marxist philosophy has come to be applied in many fields including politics, and in the latter, it has been manifested through communism and socialism. For several decades in the twentieth century, Marxism was a powerful force on the world scene but because of its unsustainable nature, it has come to be relegated to the background in the recent years. While there are powerful arguments for the Marxist philosophy, there are also more potent arguments against it and most of the latter arguments are because it is unsustainable. Mar xism became a powerful force in the early twentieth century because its philosophy came to attract those people who had long been oppressed by their rulers. The early Marxists were men who had been raised in poverty and when they found this new philosophy, they felt that they could use it to improve their lot in life (Evans 762). What these people failed to realize is that Marxism is an utopian, which cannot be realistically implemented. This can be seen through the utter failure of the political systems based on Marxism that have so far failed to survive. Marxist governments, for example, have made the life of their people far worse than they were previously. A current case to note is the ongoing one in North Korea where despite the fact that the government still officially declares itself to be communist; the behavior of its ruling elite is a far cry from the Marxist philosophy upon which it was founded. While the people of this country continue to suffer, the elite live a life of luxury that the former can only dream of. In fact, it can be said that the North Korean elite has turned its back on the ordinary people, many of whom not only live in poverty, but are also suffer from malnutrition. This is an absolute failure of Marxism in the modern world and perhaps this country and its people would do much better if it had a government that had a free market philosophy as well as being democratic. An obvious example is South Korea, which took an opposite direction compared to its northern neighbor and is now one of the most respected economies in the world. The failure of Marxism as a political philosophy can be said to have been revealed during the Cold War when the Soviet Union had to work far harder than the United States in order to be able to compete with the latter. The communist system of government practiced in the Soviet Union was based on Marxist philosophy, where the state controlled every aspect of its economy (Skousen 500). The people who worked in the Soviet economy were given very little incentive to be more productive. Everybody was given a quota to meet and once that was done, then no more was required of them. Workers were treated more like machinery than as people who were essential for the development of the economy. There were certain instances where people did not even bother to work because they had no incentive to do so. They were not given any opportunity to be innovative in their work places, and even though they worked extraordinarily hard, under extreme conditions, they were given very little pay. The soviet economy therefore, did not have enough opportunity to ensure that it was diversified enough to stay competitive on the global scene.

W5 Discussion OM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W5 Discussion OM - Essay Example Meanwhile when such time and resources are saved in the delivery of work, efficiency becomes guaranteed (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). With this noted, there was sufficient evidence from the case that even though decentralization can solve most of the organization’s issues with efficiency and efficiency, the efforts of companies did not have to end with the creation of divisions (Abdullah, 2004). For example, once there was poor prioritization of resources, it was noticed that the output of work was not as forthcoming as expected. In order words, the need to apply continuous processing improvement strategies is always important; regardless of the organizational system or structure being practiced (Martinez, 2011). For example, within a typical decentralized organization, using a lean tool will ensure that much saving is made with regards to the use of time and resources. This is because several jammed processes that cause and create waiting and other forms of waste will be identified and dealt with (Labovitz and Rosansky, 2007). As evidenced in the case, the lean tool could ensure that priority is given to m ost important processes that guaranteed the best of

Aung San Suu Kyi Essay Example for Free

Aung San Suu Kyi Essay Aung San Suu Kyi MP AC (Burmese: ; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese opposition politician and General Secretary of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma. In the 1990 general election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats in Parliament. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. She remained under house arrest in Burma for almost 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her most recent release on 13 November 2010, becoming one of the worlds most prominent (now former) political prisoners. Childhood and Education Aung San Suu Kyi was born on 19 June, 1945 in Rangoon, capital city of Myanmar (then Burma). Her father, Aung San, was the architect of Burma’s independence. He founded the modern Burmese army and negotiated Burmas independence from the British Empire in 1947. He was, however, assassinated by his rivals in the same year when Suu Kyi was barely two years old.. Her mother Daw Khin Kyi was working in the External Affairs Ministry and was appointed Myanmars ambassador to India in 1960. Aung San Suu Kyi completed her basic education at schools in Rangoon and moved to India following her mother’s appointment as Myanmar’s envoy to India in 1960. Suu Kyi continued her studies in India. She graduated from Lady Shri Ram College, New Delhi in 1964. After graduating she went to Oxford University for further studies and completed her BA in philosophy, politics, and economics at St. Hughs College, Oxford University in 1967. Political beginningsCoincident with Aung San Suu Kyis return to Burma in 1988, the long-time military leader of Burma and head of the ruling party, General Ne Win, stepped down. Mass demonstrations for democracy followed that event on 8 August 1988 (8–8–88, a day seen as auspicious), which were violently suppressed in what came to be known as the 8888 Uprising. On 26 August 1988, she addressed half a million people at a mass rally in front of the Shwedagon Pagoda in the capital, calling for a democratic government. [26] However in September, a new military junta took power. Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. Aung San Suu Kyi has been placed under house arrest for 15 of the past 21 years, on different occasions, since she began her political career,[44] during which time she was prevented from meeting her party supporters and international visitors. On the evening of 13 November 2010, Aung San Suu Kyi was released from house arrest. On 1 April 2012, Suu Kyi had won the vote for a seat in Parliament, as well as her partys victory in 43 of the 45 contested seats, officially making Suu Kyi the Leader of the Opposition in the lower house.

The Pearl :: essays research papers

The Pearl The Pearl starts off with a poor family that runs into a problem. The problem is that their son Coyotito got bit by a posinous snake and they need money so that the doctor will treat him. Kino, the father, went out to find a pearl so that they would have enough money to get Coyotito to the doctor. The pivoting point in the story is when Kino finds the pearl of all pearls , the pearl he finds is huge. The whole town finds out about Kino's findings, he starts to since an evil feeling comeing from people and the pearl. When it comes to seling the pearl Kino can't sell it in his town because all the pearl buyers are working for the same person so they try to cheat Kino, but he doesn't sell the pearl. He then tries to go to the city to sell the pearl but before he can go he is attacked by someone trying to steal the pearl from Kino, Kino had to defend his self by stabbing and killing the attacker. So he has to flee the town because there are trackers comeing after him, his wife, Juana insists on going with him so they flee up to a mountain to get away from the trackers. There were three trackers , two on foot, one on horse with a rifle. Kino decided to attack them while they were sleeping, so when he attacked them Kino first tried to get the man on horse, in the struggle Kino killed the trackers but his son was killed by a bullet. Kino then threw the pearl away. Kino is a determined man , and he does what he thinks is right, like on selling the pearl to the towns pearl buyers. He has a small mustache and short black hair. Juana, kino's wife has long black hair and smart. A conflict in the story is when Kino had a choice between selling the pearl to the pearl dealers in his town or to sell it some place else. Alothough the towns people thought Kino should have sold the pearl to the dealer for the little amount he offered Kino, but Kino did what he thought was right and did

Keeping the importance of QA for e-Learning

Keeping the importance of QA for e-Learning, it is of import to develop model for formal quality confidence of e-learning content. As a first measure to this quality prosodies have to be developed that can be used for quantifying the assorted quality parametric quantities of an e-Learning tool and the content. The development of quality prosodies and the model can go the base for developing the QA tools, which can roll up informations on assorted facets, analyze and arrive at quality steps utilizing well- understood theoretical accounts and so rate the e- Learning environments. How does one define quality? In peculiar it is non easy to exactly make up one's mind what constitutes quality of instruction. Different individuals may hold different positions of quality. There are two facets of quality in the educational context: quality of the system as a whole and quality of what the system offers to the pupils or the scholars. In cotrast to conventional instruction quality covers assorted elements of face-to-face instruction like the substructure and basic comfortss, societal & amp ; geographical environment, professional instruction competency, administrative and finance staff, rightness and relevancy of the course of study, teaching-learning stuffs, teaching-learning procedures, community support to the establishment, public presentation rating of the module, scholars ie. pupils and the system as a whole.Meaning of quality in e-learningLearning results are at the bosom of respondents ‘ apprehension of quality in the field of e-learning. When we talk abo ut quality in e-learning, we assume an inexplicit consensus about the term ‘quality ‘ . In fact, nevertheless, ‘quality ‘ agencies really different things to most e-learning suppliers. Harvey and Green ( 2000 ) , ( and see Ehlers, 2004, pp. 52-56 ) have suggested the following set of classs: ( a ) exceptionality, ( B ) flawlessness or consistence, ( degree Celsius ) fittingness for intent, ( vitamin D ) adequate return, ( vitamin E ) transmutation The last perceptual experience of quality, transmutation, is the most relevant to the pedagogical procedure. It describes the addition in competency or ability as a consequence of the larning procedure as transmutation. In order to do these classs manageable for respondents, they were operationalised as follows in the survey: Sing everything asked so far, which of the undermentioned statements best represents your ain personal apprehension of quality? Please choose merely the one component from the list below which best represents your ain sentiment. Harmonizing to the paper New Developments in Technology Enabled Education presented by Professor Singaperumal these points were put A clear and documented demand for 450000 seats ; the demand is increasing exponentially Even to keep the current degrees of admittances a new major university is needed every hebdomad in India entirely to run into the demand! Therefore on a monolithic graduated table online instruction is emerging as an of import market and thereby besides offering a concern chance to some establishments choosing for an instruction concern model out of it. With these ideas in head, and the huge chance in footings of possible pupils in the higher instruction, the scene has to alter quickly to switch the paradigm.THE NeedE-Learning is the larning experience that is delivered or enabled by electronic engineering. The bringing of acquisition or content can be over the intra-net, extra-net or over the Internet, via CD-ROM, synergistic Television, or satellite broadcast. In footings of construction, pupil Numberss have been detonating on university campuses. The universities have been loath to alter their plans, both in content and bringing. They are confronting challenges from alternate suppliers of instruction and preparation, with more focal point on employability ; the university professors represent a strain of calling faculty members who are rather stray and insulated from the alterations in the existent universe around them ; distance acquisition is considered 2nd best, even though universities are hard pressed to explicate the high q uality of the traditional schoolroom processes in set uping cognition transportation.INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SCENARIOE-learning or electronic acquisition in India is deriving prominence easy, but so steadily. This is due to the fact that more than half the population of India today is below 25 old ages of age and the Numberss of Internet users are turning continuously. The enormous growing of the economic system in the recent yesteryear has besides helped in the growing of on-line instruction in India. E-learning in India is specially popular with the immature professionals who have joined the work force rather early but still would wish to go on their instruction that may assist them travel up their calling ladder rapidly and safely. They find on-line instruction in India really convenient, as the nature of the class work does non necessitate them to go to regular categories. Furthermore reputed institutes like Indian Institute of Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade are today offering e-learning classs. INDIA is encompassing e-learning in a large manner. India has learned lessons from the success of the e-way in the West and today the inexorable educational image is being replaced by e-governance's-classroom, e-tutorials. It is a affair of pride for the state in general and bureaus in peculiar for the popularisation of the mission manner programmes on e-governance. The major advantage of e-learning is that it is self-paced and acquisition is done at the scholar ‘s gait. The content can be repeated until the trainee understands it. E acquisition is synergistic excessively. With the growing of e-learning, more and more students will choose for it, as there would be no concern that the math instructor will crush them for a amount gone incorrect. Besides, there will besides be no fright of coming tardily to category and so standing outside the schoolroom waiting for permission to come in. More and more on the job professionals would be interested in larning the e-way because of flexibleness that e-learning offer. E-learning will shortly go a great tool to heighten makings and acquiring publicities in the occupation market. So, to sum up, the hereafter of e-learning is bright. However, there is important cognition keeping. High quality e-learning solutions are being developed in India with the right engineering and industry support in sectors every bit distinguishable as steel, IT, automobiles, cement and telecom. Industry spectators estimate that because of its advantages, India is bound to turn in stature as the hub for e-learning programmes. In 2002, deliberations of assorted commissions were held that led to the puting up of the UGC-INFONET towards the terminal of 2004. UGC besides joined this campaign of presenting e-learning. Wholly funded by UGC, UGC-INFONET provides electronic entree to scholarly literature available over the Internet in all countries of larning to the university sector in India. Yet another undertaking to supply web based preparation is the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning ( NPTEL ) , which is being funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development ( MHRD. ) This was first conceived in 1999, to pave the manner for presenting multimedia and web engineering to heighten acquisition of basic scientific discipline and technology constructs, was launched in September 2006. Significant substructure has been set up for production of video-based learning stuff by the Indian Institutes of Technology ( IIT ) , the Bangalore based Indian Institutes of Sciences ( IISc ) and Technical Teacher Training Institutes ( TTTI. ) Gyan Darshan, which was launched on January 26, 2000, as an sole higher instruction Television channel to supply quality distance instruction by IGNOU, can be considered as an effectual attempt in India. At the institutional degree many institutes, chiefly private as of now ; hold entered into on-line distance instruction and the much talked about NIIT Varsity offers developing to 500,000 pupils yearly across 33 states. One of the universe ‘s prima direction schools, the Indian Institute of Management at Calcutta ( IIM-C ) , amongst others, entered into a strategic confederation with NIIT, to offer executive development programmes through practical schoolrooms. It is really hard for a individual of my stature to publish a declaration on the issue but I suggest that higher educational establishments in India, which plan to venture into e-learning should take a lesson from this and must foremost follow the instruction and communicating scheme of organisational alteration where the stakeholders should be informed as to how the alteration will impact them. The authorities needs to excite a learning civilization and e-learning must go a policy issue. Government must acknowledge the e-learning industry as a separate forum and non handle it as portion of the IT enabled services ( IT ‘S ) or a sub sector of the IT industry.Cardinal E-LEARNING: QUALITY ISSUESAs establishments adopt e-learning, some of import new issues arise: i? µ Institutions should do available an equal and dependable proficient substructure to back up and prolong e-learning activities. i? µ Teachers and pupils must possess the proficient accomplishments to utilize e- acquisition tools. i? µ Teachers must redesign their classs to integrate e-learning efficaciously into their teaching method.Online acquisition should be an active, non inactive, experience:Two of import facts converge to do this recommendation a cardinal portion of any theoretical account for on-line acquisition. The first has a nucleus rule of effectual teaching method. Microsoft PowerPoint presentations or Word paperss saved in HTML format do n't let scholars to make anything except sit in forepart of their screens and chink through text. The 2nd convergence fact is that early attempts at e-learning suffered a high rate of abrasion because many scholars complained that the content was deadening and withdrawing. To trip pupils so that they engage with content better, larning ware should incorporate multimedia interactions, such as simulations, geographic expeditions, games, and drag-and-drop exercisings. Animations, picture, and audio round out some of the loyalists of rich media. When you map larning content to the appropriate rich media, you get impressive consequences.Choice FACTORS DRIVE E-LEARNING ADOPTIONInstitutions interviewed for this research cited assorted institutional, user, and market drivers as spurring the acceptance of e- acquisition. Some establishments designate e- acquisition as an institutional aim, for illustration, to back up their charter of outreach, reach new markets in an country of specialisation, or heighten the educational procedure. Faculty interest-to improve learning methods in general, to do classs more interesting for pupils, or to maintain up-to-date in their academic field-spurs e-learning acceptance at others. Institutions might utilize e- acquisition to assist pupils ft larning into their progressively feverish agendas and develop required proficient accomplishments for their professional development. In some establishments, e-learning classs have developed from video-oriented classs. Some establishments reported the usage of intercrossed classs to relieve overcrowded schoolrooms. For many establishments, e-learning is portion of higher instruction ‘s development, and class direction systems ‘ easiness of usage has encouraged e-learning acceptance.BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING WITH QUALITY ASSURANCEIntegration: All establishments, research establishments, regulative organic structures, professionals, academicians and pupils can be integrated on regional, province, national and international degree. Sharing of cognition, experience, substructure and engi neering will heighten the effectual and efficient use of available resources. Students can hold an entree to limitless depot of information at any hr and from any topographic point. Entree to outdo module and quality study stuff: Since e-Learning has ability to cover distances, a few good instructors can be scaled up. Faculty handiness is non restricted by geographics or even clip because of recorded schoolrooms. The expert instructors besides will be identified and honored by the demand for them from scholars. Human prejudice: eLearning helps removes the prejudice of sex, faith, colour, caste etc. Dust free environment: Unlike in chalk and speak method, larning atmosphere becomes dust free. Individualized direction: E-Learning besides offers individualised direction, which print media can non supply. It makes larning exciting, prosecuting and obliging. Blended programmes can incorporate eLearning with face-to-face workshops, coaching, action acquisition and a immense scope of other larning methods to cover a scope of demands, manners and attacks. Private messaging readily supports these exchanges while protecting the participants ‘ privateness. Based on the single and/or group needs, involvements, calling aims and occupation profiles, lesson faculties can be chosen. The new system must be made up of five different constituents. These are: aˆ? Audits of the quality confidence mechanisms of the higher instruction establishments aˆ? Evaluations of topics and programmes. aˆ? Appraisals of the entitlement to present grades aˆ? Thematic ratings and thematic surveies aˆ? Identification of centres of educational excellenceA CASE STUDY ON QUALITY ASSURANCE EFFORT AT THE SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR DISTANCELearning, Pune, India The Symbiosis Centre for Distance Learning ( SCDL ) , Pune, is the taking private sector supplier of unfastened & A ; distance acquisition in India. Its scholars, totaling more than 200,000 are drawn from all the nooks & A ; corners of India, and besides, from more than 40 abroad states. Quality is the trademark of SCDL ‘s working. The quality concerns adopted by the SCDL are presented below: The acquisition plans are selected really carefully, taking into consideration the market demands every bit good as the felt-needs of the scholars. Once a probationary determination is taken to present a new plan, its assorted pros & A ; cons are discussed in the Academic Council, which is the chief organic structure for taking all academic determinations. The following measure is to apportion the work of composing the Self Learning Materials. For this intent the SCDL has enlisted more than 400 sing module who are all good qualified and long experient instructors from reputed universities and colleges every bit good as individuals with practical experience in industry. Electronic acquisition stuffs in the signifier of e-learning faculties and pre-recorded DVD talks are besides prepared. The module fixing the electronic acquisition stuffs may, or more likely may non, be those who had prepared the SLM in the print signifier. Self appraisal is an of import system adopted by the SCDL. All the learning stuffs sent to the distance scholars – whether print or electronic – contain self-assessment inquiries. In fact the larning stuff contents are broken down into subdivisions and sub-sections, and at the terminal of each the scholar is expected to take a intermission and effort replying the self-assessment inquiries. This manner, the scholar will come to cognize whether she/he has understood the content of the subdivision or the sub-section. This procedure builds up the scholar ‘s assurance. A distinguishing characteristic of the SCDL is the usage of most modern engineering in the pupil patterned advance and appraisal system. Each scholar is required to finish two on-line assignments per class per semester. The on-line assignments are based on the thoughtfully prepared and thorough Question Banks which are uploaded on the web for accession by the scholars. Last but non least of the quality confidence steps cover the Student Support & A ; Guidance System. This system has three of import boards: the Personal Contact Programs ( PCP ) , the Data Support Department and the system of speedy response to pupils ‘ questions and demands.CASE STUDY 2: E-LEARNING AT BOSTON COLLEGEBy Rita R. Owens, Associate Academic V.P. for Technology, Boston College This is merely one illustration of how 141-year-old Boston College ( BC ) , one of the oldest Jesuit Catholic universities in the United States, is integrating e-learning into its time-honoured academic tradition. Indeed, the older and more venerable an institution-US News & A ; World Report ranks BC figure 37th among national universities-the more that ‘s at interest when it introduces a dramatic and potentially radical tool like the Internet into the educational plan. Reputation and quality are the first concerns. Important Decisions E-learning has affected everyone at our 15,000-plus-student university, irrespective of age, function, experience or academic subject. And largely in a positive manner. But success has n't come without obstructions, challenges and tough determinations. One of our most critical determinations was measuring how e-learning would impact our hard-earned repute, steeped in centuries of classical academic tradition. Although we plan to scale our e-learning, we had no demand to utilize it as a flagship selling tool for admittances. Our course of study sells itself. We evaluate e-learning merely in the context of its power to better instruction. As a affair of fact, we do n't even do any differentiation between on-line instruction and traditional instruction. Education per Se is the lone thing that affairs. Consistent with this place, we elected non to mandate e-learning for every class. Alternatively, we have let e-learning develop organically, driven by pupils, module and the academic environment. Several learning-related factors are beef uping our e-learning acceptance. E-book publishing houses are deluging academe with digitized online content for a broad scope of classs. All of our schoolrooms have been networked with state-of-the-art installations. Faculty members are supplied with powerful desktops and laptops. Our pupils tend to be technologically savvy and frequently come to us with e-learning experience gained in high school. Not merely are they comfy with the engineering, they virtually grew up online. Their demand for on-line class constituents has propelled our e-learning acceptance. Early on on, we determined we needed chiseled â€Å" cheques and balances † to guarantee e-learning was decently incorporated into our campus environment. We have adopted a multiple commission construction that serves us really good. Our University Council on Teaching comprises respected module members who set scheme on how e-learning will play out on campus. We have an e-learning Action Group, a coaction of college mention bibliothecs and academic enterprises. My group, Academic Technology Services, promotes e-learning on campus and aids in preparation and proficient support. Strong Consequences With these cardinal administration and substructure determinations made, we ‘ve had strong consequences with e-learning across a broad scope of subjects. Extracurricular activities are besides got boosted by e-learning engineering. Freshman MBA campaigners at our Carroll School of Management have a particular intranet where they can happen families, societal activities, treatments, and a â€Å" community calendar. † Although it sounds like a fiddling thing, this digital orientation/bulletin board in one is a campus line of life for the many pupils with full-time occupation and household duties.FuturesCompared to an about 80 per cent literacy rate in urban India, that in rural countries is merely 56 per centum. Further, the mean instructor: pupil ratio at primary degree is 1:58 in rural parts. Improvement of connectivity is another country of concern. India needs to increase incursion in footings of Personal computers and communicating lines for any e-Learning undertaking to be successful. The high cost of ownership, which proves to be a barrier, needs to be lowered. Following stairss could assist in collaring the above jobs: The Service suppliers, including the Government need to cut down the duty degrees. As the field becomes more and more competitory, this is bound to go on. Inventions such as the Computer can cut down costs by supplying low-cost calculating. At INR 10,000 a piece, the Computer offers calculating installations at a drastically lower cost compared to INR 30,000 for a Personal computer. Further, it has a local linguistic communication interface. Use of unfastened beginning package will non merely be cost effectual but can besides run into the localised demands of the tremendous lingual diverseness of India. Further, unfastened beginning package can besides be used on old hardware.